Background and Aim: Falcaria vulgaris locally named Paghazah has been used traditionally as a herbal medicine and as a vegetable in the west of Iran. Effects of the plant extract on the isolated rat heart including vasodilatation have been shown in our previous study. The aim of this study was to assess thoroughly the effect of the plant on vasodilatation, role of the nitric oxide as one of the most important mechanisms of vasodilatation, and the potential cytotoxic effect of this herbal medicine on the isolated rat heart.Material and Methods: Hearts of male Wistar rats were isolated and perfused under constant pressure according to Langendorff method. Extract of the plant was prepared by soaking it in 70% ethanol according to percolation method. The rats were assigned into three groups. In one group (n=8) concentrations of 0.2, 1 and 5 microgram/ml of the extract were infused into the hearts over a period of 5 minutes and different cardiac parameters were measured and recorded. In the second group (n=8) 15 mg and 22.5 mg of the extract were used as bolus injections by ten minute intervals. Then the above mentioned doses were injected again into the hearts treated with LNAME (100micmol). In the third group, at first the hearts were treated with LNAME, then 15 mg and 22.5 mg of extract were injected.Results: Results of this study showed that infusion of concentrations of 0.2, 1 and 5micgr/ml of the extract significantly increased coronary solution flow (CSF) from the third to the fifth minute after infusion (P<0.05). Following injection of 15 mg and 22.5 mg of extract, CSF increased significantly from 10.58±0.63 and 9.66±0.52 ml/min to 13.76±0.51 and 12.18±0.64 respectively (P<0.05). Also similar significant increases in CSF changes were seen in the presence of LNAME (P<0.05) which indicated nitric oxide played no role in this mechanism. Amount of LDH released after bolus injection of the extract did not significantly differ from its amount in the control group.Conclusion: In the present study we emphasize that the coronary vasodilator effect of Falcaria vulgaris hydro alcoholic extract in the isolated rat heart is significant. Nitric oxide is not involved in this mechanism. Considering the time and wide range of administrated doses (infusion method) and reversible effect of the extract it can be regarded harmless. Also on the basis of LDH measurement it has no cytotoxic effect. In our study nitric oxide had no role in coronary vasodilatation. Therefore evaluation of other mechanisms of vasodilatation brought into play by the extract is recommended.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effect of attachment style on emotion regulation with the mediating role of identity style. The research method was descriptive and structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the research was all second year high school students of Kashan city in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 500 people were selected by random cluster method. Data were collected based on three questionnaires: Gross & Jan (2003) Emotional Regulation Inventory, Identity Style Scale (6G-ISI) and Collins and Reid (1990) Attachment Style Questionnaire. The data are obtained by structural equation modeling and using Laserl 8.8 and 26 spss software. analyzed. Based on the results, secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01, avoidant attachment style at a significance level of 0.05, and ambivalent attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, secure attachment style predicted emotion regulation at a significant level of 0.01, with the mediation of identity styles. Informational identity style at a significance level of 0.01, confused identity style at a significance level of 0.05 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, only the secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 had a significant role in predicting the normative identity style. According to the results of this study, emotion regulation is one of the most important constructs of educational psychology and an important factor in determining mental health and successful performance. It is in education that the factors affecting emotion regulation and its antecedents should be identified. Planning for training and holding educational workshops in this field in schools is suggested for students.

Background: The application of cold is the most common treatment of traumatic soft tissue injuries in order to decrease bleeding and swelling, but the appropriate time without existing of reactive vasodilatation is not clear.Methods and materials: The survey was performed to detect the reactive vasodilatation and to measure the skin impedance after 20-minutes cold gel pack application.Results: 70 healthy people (39 males & 31 females) with mean age of 24.81±3.41 were evaluated. Cold gel pack was applied to anterior aspect of their forearms for 20 minutes. The current intensity of skin was recorded by digital multi meter, before, during & after the cold application. Then skin impedance was calculated by Ohms rule. Statistical analyses of the data were done with paired T-test.Significant increase was found in skin impedance before and after cold application. That this increase was noted during the first 15 minutes after cold gel application, reactive vasodilatation during 20 minutes cold gel pack application was not observed.Conclusions: These finding revealed that 20- minutes cold gel pack application decreased in blood volume, therefore the clinical use of cold on this time can reduce in local circulation such as in the management of acute-phase soft tissue trauma.

One of the important issues in the production of concrete is environmental variability that affects the concrete and elements constructed from this material. Due to the importance of different characteristics of concrete in short- and long-term conditions, this article aims to investigate the influence of initial temperature conditions of self-compacting concrete on its long-term characteristics and determine the initial optimal temperature of concrete. For these purposes, several experiments under three temperature conditions of 5, 20, and 40 degree-of-Celsius were conducted to evaluate the rheology and mechanical properties of fresh concrete in the range of 7 and 28 days. In these experiments, alternative mineral admixtures of cement such as micro-silica, fly ash, and zeolite were used to build the concrete specimens. Results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the specimens increase with increasing initial temperature in the short term, while such properties significantly decrease in the long term compared to the specimens constructed under lower initial temperature. Moreover, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete increases with increasing initial temperature.

Introduction: Considering the higher incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders in diabetes mellitus and the role of vasorelaxation disturbance in the development of these complications, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two-month oral administration of Marrubium vulgare (MV) on the vasorelaxation response of isolated aorta in experimental model of diabetes mellitus in rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, MV-treated control, diabetic, and MV-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozotcin (STZ) was intraperitoneally administered (60mg/kg). MV-treated groups received MV mixed with standard pelleted food at a weight ratio of 1/15. After 2 months, relaxation response of KCI-and noradrenaline-precontracted aortic rings was determined after addition of acetylcholine using isolated tissue setup.Results: Comparing to one week before test serum glucose level showed a significant increase in diabetic group at 4th and 8th weeks (P<0.001), while this increase was not observed in MV-treated diabetic group. In addition, the latter group showed a higher vasorelaxation in KCI-and noradrenaline-precontracted rings (P<0.05) as compared to diabetic group. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between control and MV-treated control groups regarding relaxation response.Conclusion: It can be concluded that oral administration of MV for 2 months could improve the vasorelaxation response of the vascular system and this may prevent the development of hypertension in diabetic rats.